Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Background: Wild Amur tigers are a sparsely populated species, and the conservation of this species is of great\nconcern worldwide, but as an important health risk factor, parasite infection in them is not fully understanding.\nResults: In this study, sixty-two faecal samples were collected to investigate the frequency and infection intensity\nof Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in wild Amur tigers. The T. cati and T. leonina eggs were preliminary\nidentified by microscopy, and confirmed by molecular techniques. Infection intensity was determined by the\nmodified McMaster technique. Phylogenetic trees demonstrated that T. cati of wild Amur tiger had a closer\nrelationship with which of other wild felines than that of domestic cats. T. leonina of Amur tiger and other felines\nclustered into one clade, showing a closer relationship than canines. The average frequency of T. cati was 77.42%\n(48/62), and the frequency in 2016 (100%) were higher than those in 2013 (P = 0.051, < 0.1; 66.6%) and 2014 (P =\n0.079, < 0.1; 72.2%). The infection intensity of T. cati ranged from 316.6 n/g to 1084.1 n/g. For T. leonina, only three\nsamples presented eggs when the saturated sodium chloride floating method was performed, indicating that the\nfrequency is 4.83% (3/62). Unfortunately, the egg number in faecal smears is lower than the detective limitation, so\nthe infection intensity of T. leonina is missed.\nConclusions: This study demonstrated that ascarids are broadly prevalent, and T. cati is a dominant parasite species\nin the wild Amur tiger population....
Background: Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an important microsporidian parasite with zoonotic potential. The present\nstudy highlights the impact of encephalitozoonosis on rabbit health in Egypt. Three rabbit farms in Giza, with\na total of 16,400 rabbits were investigated due to occurrence of rabbits displaying clinical signs consistent with\nencephalitozoonosis.\nResults: Clinical signs observed during a 4 months observation period in 2018 included vestibular disease, paresis,\nlimb paralysis, cataracts, phacoclastic uveitis, frequent urination, marked decrease in body weight and in some\npregnant females, also repeated abortions. The total morbidity rates in adult and young rabbits were 76.7% and\n81.5%, respectively. The highest mortality rate was recorded in offspring (12.3%), followed by dams (5.6%), and the\nlowest recorded mortality rate was in males (0.04%). Post-mortem findings included enteritis, pale enlarged kidneys,\ncongested leptomeninges, focal brain necrosis, and endometrial congestion. Histopathological examination revealed\nnonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and glial nodules with central necrosis in the brain, vacuolation and necrosis of\nrenal tubular epithelium, and corneal ulceration and ruptured lens capsule with fragmentation of lenticular fibres. E.\ncuniculi were observed in the brain, retinal ganglion cells, kidneys, and liver. Transmission electron microscopy examination\nrevealed the presence of different developmental stages of E. cuniculi in the brain and kidney. Presence of E.\ncuniculi was confirmed by conventional polymerase chain reaction using a universal 16S gene for Encephalitozoon\nspp. followed by sequencing and sequence analysis.\nConclusions: The presence of E. cuniculi in rabbits was confirmed at three farms in Egypt. Nervous signs and ocular\nlesions were the most predominant findings in these farms....
Background: Ovine laryngeal chondritis is a rare entity of sheep in the USA, Great Britain, New Zealand and Iceland,\nbut has not been reported in Germany so far. Here, two German cases are reported.\nCase presentation: Two rams showed severe and progressive signs of dyspnea. Endoscopically, a severe bilateral\nswelling of the larynx was identified in both rams. Due to poor prognosis and progression of clinical signs one ram\nwas euthanized, while the other ram died overnight. In both cases, a necrosuppurative laryngitis and chondritis of\narytenoid cartilages was found at necropsy. Fusobacterium necrophorum and Streptococcus ovis were isolated from the\nlaryngeal lesion in one animal.\nConclusions: This is the first report of ovine laryngeal chondritis in continental Europe. This entity should be considered\na differential diagnosis for upper airway disease in sheep....
Background: Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis and has been recognized as a re-emerging infectious disease\nin humans and dogs, but prevalence of Leptospira shedding in dogs in Thailand is unknown. The aim of this study\nwas to determine urinary shedding of Leptospira in dogs in Thailand, to evaluate antibody prevalence by\nmicroscopic agglutination test (MAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and to assess risk factors for\nLeptospira infection.\nIn Northern, Northeastern, and Central Thailand, 273 stray (n = 119) or client-owned (n = 154) dogs from rural (n =\n139) or urban (n = 134) areas were randomly included. Dogs that had received antibiotics within 4 weeks prior to\nsampling were excluded. No dog had received vaccination against Leptospira. Urine was evaluated by real-time\npolymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for lipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira. Additionally, urine was cultured\nfor 6 months in Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) medium. Antibodies were measured by ELISA and\nMAT against 24 serovars belonging to 15 serogroups and 1 undesignated serogroup. Risk factor analysis was\nperformed with backwards stepwise selection based on Wald.\nResults: Twelve of 273 (4.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0â??6.8%) urine samples were PCR-positive. In 1/273 dogs\n(0.4%; 95% CI: 0.01â??1.1%) Leptospira could be cultured from urine. MAT detected antibodies in 33/273 dogs (12.1%;\n95% CI: 8.2â??16.0%) against 19 different serovars (Anhoa, Australis, Ballum, Bataviae, Bratislava, Broomi, Canicola,\nCopenhageni, Coxi, Grippotyphosa, Haemolytica, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Khorat, Paidjan, Patoc, Pyrogenes, Rachmati,\nSaxkoebing, Sejroe). In 111/252 dogs (44.0%; 95% CI: 37.9â??50.2%) immunoglobulin M (IgM) and/or immunoglobulin G\n(IgG) antibodies were found by ELISA. Female dogs had a significantly higher risk for Leptospira infection (p = 0.023).\nConclusions: Leptospira shedding occurs in randomly sampled dogs in Thailand, with infection rates comparable to\nthose of Europe and the USA. Therefore, the potential zoonotic risk should not be underestimated and use of\nLeptospira vaccines are recommended....
Oestrous synchronisation of cattle has been widely applied to accomplish simultaneous ovulation in\nanimals and facilitate timed artificial insemination. The main aim of this study was to investigate the ovarian follicular\ngrowth and ovulatory response to oestrus and ovulation synchronisation in Norwegian Red heifers and cows. Oestrous\ncycles in 34 heifers and 10 cows from 4 herds were synchronised with two............................
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